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Fermentation Atlas

Other from Burkina Faso

Bikalga and other Hibiscus-seed condiments (datou, mbuja, furundu)bikalga (Mooré)

dark condiment balls, a substitute/complement for soumbala; furundu in Sudan is used as a meat substitute in stews (typical). Made in 5 steps over 8 h – 12 h. The longest step, cook with ash leachate, takes 8–12 h (Ibrahim A.D 2011). Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis do most of the fermenting.

Key numbers
Main step8–12 hMeasured[Ibrahim2011]Cook with ash leachate
AciditypH 6Measured[Parkouda-bikalga]Sun-dry

Recipe

No fixed amounts recordedWhat goes in. No source gives amounts for this ferment.
roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seeds
Starter: spontaneous

Total time across the recorded steps: 8 h – 12 h

Start
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What changes: Roselle seeds are cleaned of dirt and empty seeds

Step 1 of 5
Clean the seeds
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Bacillus

Output: clean roselle seeds.

Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented

Microbes at work in this step

Not documented for this step.

Method

Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source

Related ferments

Variants

  • Mbuja (Cameroon)Two closed-pot phases over 10 days; see its own entry.
  • Dawadawan botso (Nigeria, Niger)A 2-day closed-pot ferment, then pounding with ash leachate and a 1-day second ferment; see its own entry [Ibrahim2011].
  • Furundu (Sudan)Karkade (roselle) seed cooked, then fermented 9 days and used as a meat substitute (seen only in a search summary of a Sudanese journal record).

History and sources

Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made

  1. [s2] Dirar HA. The Indigenous Fermented Foods of the Sudan. CAB International 1993 (index; not read)other
  2. [Parkouda-bikalga] Parkouda C. et al., Technology and physico-chemical characteristics of bikalga, Afr J Biotechnol (abstract); Ouoba L.I.I. et al. 2007 (abstract)paper
  3. [Ibrahim2011] Ibrahim A.D., Sani A., Shinkafi S.A. 2011, Production, microbial and physico-chemical evaluation of dawadawan botso produced by fermentation of Hibiscus sabdariffa seeds, Int J Biol Chem Sci 5(6):2481–2490, doi:10.4314/ijbcs.v5i6.26paper