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Cow milk is soured with lactic bacteria and set with rennet, and the curd is cut, stirred and heated. Part of the whey is drained and cold water is added while stirring, which washes out milk sugar and keeps the curd from matting. The curd is then drained, salted and pressed into forms. Made in 5 steps over 2 months. The longest step, ripen cold, takes at least 2 months (US Code of Federal Regulations) and runs at at least 2 °C (US Code of Federal Regulations). Lactic acid bacteria does most of the fermenting.
Colouring (optional) · Harmless colouring may be added[cfr-colby]
Starter: lactic acid bacteria present in the milk or added
Total time across the recorded steps: 2 months
Start
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What changes:Lactic bacteria and rennet go into the milk and it sets
Step 1 of 5
Sour the milk and set it with rennet
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Lactic acid bacteria
Output: coagulum.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
soft gel
Colour
white, or orange if coloured
Microbes at work in this step
lactic acid bacteria sour the milk; rennet sets it
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
What makes this one different
Colby curd is not cheddared into slabs. Part of the whey is replaced with cold water while the curd is stirred, which washes out lactose and keeps the pieces apart. With less lactose left, less lactic acid forms during ripening.
Milk
Cow milk, pasteurised or raw; raw-milk cheese is cured at least 60 days
Composition
US standard: no more than 40 % moisture; at least 50 % milkfat in the solids
Ripening
US standard: at least 60 days at no less than 35 °F if the milk is not pasteurised