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Queijo Picante da Beira BaixaQueijo da Beira Baixa, tipo Picante
Raw ewe or goat milk, in any mix, is set with animal rennet at 27–36 °C, cut with a lira, pressed in hoops and salted heavily, often in stages. The cheeses are then stacked under salt in a 'castelo' for 2–3 weeks and laid on edge on beds of rye straw, cleaned of their sticky surface for at least 120 days. The result is a rindless, hard, greyish cheese that is very salty and sharp. Made in 6 steps over 4.4 months – 4.6 months. The longest step, cure on rye straw, takes at least 3.9 months (DGADR). Lactobacillus plantarum and L. paracasei and Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis and E. durans do most of the fermenting.
Salt · Applied heavily, once or in several stages, and again to cover the curing stack[caderno]
Rye straw · Bedding for the curing stacks[caderno]
Starter
none added; the raw milk carries the microbes
Total time across the recorded steps: 4.4 months – 4.6 months
Start
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What changes:Starting material: raw ewe or goat milk, alone or mixed
Step 1 of 6
Work the milk straight after milking
Time
Not documented
Temperature
up to 6 °C
Set
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Lactobacillus plantarum
Enterococcus faecium
Lactic acid bacteria
Yeasts
Output: raw ewe and/or goat milk.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
What makes this one different
Picante is salted far more heavily than the other Beira Baixa types, cured in a salt-covered stack and then on rye straw, and must age at least 120 days. It has no rind and may be made from goat milk alone.
Milk
Raw ewe and/or goat milk in any proportion
Composition
Moisture 49–63 % of the fat-free cheese; fat 35–60 % of dry matter
Size
0.4–1 kg; 10–15 cm across, 3–5 cm high; straight smooth sides
Made from raw milk and cured at least 120 days. A survey of 98 raw-milk cheeses from Beira Baixa makers found Listeria monocytogenes in 4.1 % of them and linked contamination to lapses in hygiene. Store at 0–5 °C.
Hazards the sources name: Listeria monocytogenes (4.1 % of 98 retail raw-milk cheeses from Beira Baixa, all types).
The salt-stack and straw-bed curing was a farm method in Beira Baixa and was written into the specification by the 2020 amendment. The three Beira Baixa types were registered together as a PDO in 1996.