True redaction removes the text and images from the file — not a black box on top. Plus real in-place text editing, fill + sign, reorder pages, and OCR.
LaunchEdit text in place, sign, redact, fill forms, and reorganize PDF files in your browser — all on your device. No upload, no subscription.
Drop two versions of a contract or drawing set. Moved notes read as moves, changed values light up digit by digit, and hidden text is named.
LaunchSide-by-side or overlay PDF diff driven by one engine that reads each file into a structured model — text, vector geometry, images, form fields, annotations — and compares the models. Moves show as moves, edits show only where they happened, and any PDF type works without picking a mode.
Drop a Gerber ZIP, an ODB++ .tgz or an IPC-2581 .xml and inspect every layer — compare revisions, snap-to-pad measure, run DRC and preview the board in 3D.
LaunchOpen Gerber, Excellon, ODB++ and IPC-2581 PCB files. Inspect layers, measure traces, run DRC, export to PNG / SVG / DXF.
Open a .step / .stp part and it measures itself: volume, thinnest wall, draft and undercuts on load, and a hole list with a BOM in one click. Measure, section, export STL.
LaunchOpen a STEP / STP part and it measures itself — volume, thinnest wall, draft and undercut checks on load, plus hole detection with a BOM. Measure, section, export STL. Rust + WASM B-rep kernel, runs in your browser.
Compress, merge, split, convert, and manipulate PDF files.
Resize, compress, convert, and transform images.
Convert, compress, and cut audio and video — MP3, WAV, MP4, WebM, Opus — all in your browser, nothing uploads.
Simulate a canning process down to its F0 sterilizing value.
Encrypt files, share encrypted notes as links, and read passport IDs and Windows event logs.
Analyze packet captures, move files between devices, and console into network gear — nothing uploads.
Scan receipts into an expense ledger — your receipts and spending stay on your device.
View, measure, and repair CAD and 3D files — STEP, STL, OBJ, PLY, GLB, 3MF, DXF, and Gerber — right in your browser. Nothing uploads.
Fermented milk from Kazakhstan
sour, white, fizzy camel-milk drink. Grades: weak (1 day, 60–80 °T), medium (2 days, 80–105 °T), strong (3 days, 106–125 °T). Made in 3 steps over 34 h – 2.5 days. The longest step, ferment 1–2 days (modern - knead 20–30 min, then 3–4 h at 20–25 °C to 60–70 °T), takes 24 h – 2 days (The main features and microbiota diversity of…) and runs at 20–25 °C (The main features and microbiota diversity of…). Lactobacillus helveticus and L. delbrueckii do most of the fermenting.
| Main step | 24 h – 2 daysReported[camel24][pmc11989172][emu] | Ferment 1–2 days (modern - knead 20–30 min, then 3–4 h at 20–25 °C to 60–70 °T) |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature | 20–25 °CReported[camel24][pmc11989172][emu] | Ferment 1–2 days (modern - knead 20–30 min, then 3–4 h at 20–25 °C to 60–70 °T) |
| Acidity | pH 4Reported[camel24][pmc11989172][emu] | Bottle and ripen cold |
| raw or boiled Bactrian or dromedary camel milk |
| Starter: backslop (previously soured shubat) | mother culture (modern) |
Total time across the recorded steps: 34 h – 2.5 days
What changes: Fresh camel milk is mixed with old shubat
Output: inoculated milk.
Microbes at work in this step
backslop LAB and yeasts
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
Spontaneous raw-milk production. Researchers propose native-strain starters for safety.
Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made
Soviet-era standards (1980s) defined soft, medium and strong grades.
