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Cheese from France, the French side of the Pyrenees from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic
Tomme des Pyrénées PGITomme des Pyrénées
Cow, goat or mixed milk, raw or heat-treated, is set with rennet at no more than 40 °C, cut, stirred below 45 °C and moulded. Once the curd has soured to pH 5.3 or lower, the cheese is salted and ripened in a cellar from 21 to 90 days, depending on its milk and size. Small dairy wheels are often coated in black or golden wax. Made in 6 steps over 23 days. The longest step, ripen in a cellar, takes at least 21 days (Ministère de l'agriculture 2020) and runs at 7–16 °C (Ministère de l'agriculture 2020). Lactic cultures, selected or natural, which sour the curd to pH 5.3 or lower and Ripening flora on the rind do most of the fermenting.
Salt · Dry salt, or saturated brine with lactic acid[cdc-tpyr2020]
Black or golden coating (optional) · Only on heat-treated-milk wheels of 1.5–5.5 kg; rind colours and anti-mould agents are not allowed on farm or raw-milk cheeses[cdc-tpyr2020][inao-tpyr]
Starter: selected or natural lactic and ripening cultures
Total time across the recorded steps: 23 days
Start
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What changes:Lactic cultures go into cow, goat or mixed milk held cool in the tank
Step 1 of 6
Hold and ripen the milk
Time
up to 2 days
Set
Temperature
up to 15 °C
Set
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Lactic acid bacteria
Heat-treated milk must be treated within 18 h of arrival. Mixed milks use 30–50% sheep or goat milk.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
What makes this one different
Tomme des Pyrénées is not cooked; the specification links this to the lack of firewood in the Pyrenean valleys, unlike the cooked keeping cheeses of the Alps and Jura. Its rules allow cow, goat and sheep milk to be mixed, which the specification ties to the region's mixed herds.
Milk
Cow or goat milk, or cow-sheep, cow-goat or goat-sheep mixes with 30–50% of the second milk; raw or heat-treated
Ripening
From renneting: 21 days (black-coated cow, over 1.5 kg) up to 90 days (raw mixed milk, over 1.5 kg); 30–40 days for wheels of 400 g–1.5 kg
Size
400 g to 5.5 kg; diameter 2–3 times the height; at least 53 g dry matter and 24 g fat per 100 g
Black-coated tommeHeat-treated cow milk, 1.5–5.5 kg, black coating, at least 21 days; tastes of fresh whey
Golden-coated or natural-rind dairy tommeHeat-treated cow milk, 1.5–5.5 kg, at least 45 days
Raw-milk farm tommeNatural orange-mottled rind rubbed by hand; 30–90 days depending on milk and size
Safety
Most is made from heat-treated milk. Raw-milk tommes fall under ANSES advice that pregnant women, young children, people over 65 and people with weak immunity avoid raw-milk cheeses other than cooked pressed ones.
Hazards the sources name: Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella and Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli in raw-milk versions (risks ANSES names for raw-milk cheeses).
Records show cows, goats and sheep and cheese making in the Pyrenees from the 12th century, with the 1990s EU file naming the Saint-Girons area. Shepherds made keeping cheeses in summer and sold them after the herds came down. The first fruitières (cooperatives) opened in 1867, and dairies followed. A court at Foix ruled that the name belonged to the local cheese, and it became a PGI in 1996.