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Open a STEP / STP part and it measures itself — volume, thinnest wall, draft and undercut checks on load, plus hole detection with a BOM. Measure, section, export STL. Rust + WASM B-rep kernel, runs in your browser.
All share malting, lactic souring and a short yeast fermentation, and are drunk while still fermenting. Sorghum starch gelatinises at 67–81 °C (barley 51–60 °C), which is why the grist is boiled. The beer is drunk within 24–72 h.
10–24 h at ambient temperature (a barley lager takes 8–15 days at 10–16 °C)
Shelf life
24–72 h; spoils within about 3 days in summer and 5 in winter
Malting
Steeped to 42–48 % moisture over 18–22 h at 30 °C; germinated 3–7 days at 25–30 °C; kilned at 55 then 65 °C; malting loss about 20 %
Recipe
No fixed amounts recordedWhat goes in. No source gives amounts for this ferment.
Total time across the recorded steps: 2 days
Start
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What changes:Maize meal and malt soak in warm water and lactic bacteria sour them
Step 1 of 4 · steps of Umqombothi (Xhosa/Zulu maize-sorghum beer)
Mix maize meal and malts with warm water and leave to sour
Time
24 h
Measured
Temperature
25–30 °C
Measured
Salt
None given
Acidity
pH 6 → 3.33
Measured
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Lactic acid bacteria
Yeasts
Moulds
Output: sour mash that separates into liquid and solids.
Flavour
turns sour
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
lactic bacteria from the grain and malt sour the mash
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
Variants
Pito (northern Ghana, Nigeria, Burkina)sorghum/millet malt mashed, decanted, boiled, then fermented with yeast from previous brew; Geotrichum candidum, Lactobacillus, Candida reported [TAMANG2016]; Nandom/Dagarti/Kokomba styles (reported). Now a full entry.
Dolo (Burkina Faso, Mali)red sorghum malt; overnight fermentation with dried yeast cakes or back-slop (reported). Now a full entry.
Tchoukoutou (Benin, Togo)sorghum malt beer, malting-based [TAMANG2016]. Now a full entry.