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Fermentation Atlas

Cheese from Switzerland, twelve communes of St. Gallen

Bloderkäse and Sauerkäse AOPBloderkäse

Bloderkäse is a fresh, rindless block of skim cow's milk curdled by lactic acid bacteria alone, with no rennet. Kept and ripened for at least two months, washed with water or brine and scraped, the same cheese becomes Sauerkäse, which grows a yellowish, jelly-like layer from the surface inward. Made in 9 steps over 2.7 months. The longest step, ripen into Sauerkäse, takes at least 2 months (Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft BLW 2009) and runs at 10–18 °C (Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft BLW 2009). Traditional mesophilic lactic acid bacteria, which sour and curdle the milk does most of the fermenting.

Key numbers
Main stepat least 2 monthsSet[bloder-ph2009]Ripen into Sauerkäse
Temperature10–18 °CSet[bloder-ph2009]Ripen into Sauerkäse
AciditypH 4.3–4.7Set[bloder-ph2009][bloder-resume]Sour into a gel
Fully documentedCheese2.7 monthsSwiss AOP (protected designation of origin), registered by the Federal Office for Agriculture on 16 September 2009Family: Ripened acid-curd cheese family (Harzer, Olomoucké tvarůžky, Gamalost)More ripened sour-milk cheesesMore from Switzerland

Recipe

No fixed amounts recordedThe specification fixes limits, not a recipe. Blocks weigh 100 g to 8 kg.
Skimmed cow milk · Skimmed by natural creaming or by machine; at most 24 h old; from farms within 30 km of the dairy; may be thermised[bloder-ph2009]
Traditional mesophilic lactic acid bacteria[bloder-ph2009]
A little whole milk · Optional, to help the curd knit[bloder-ph2009]
Salt · The only ingredient allowed besides milk and cultures; processing aids and additives are banned[bloder-ph2009]
Starter: traditional mesophilic lactic acid bacteria; no rennet

Total time across the recorded steps: 2.7 months

Start
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What changes: Cream rises and is skimmed off, leaving skim milk

Step 1 of 9
Skim the milk
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Lactic acid bacteria

The cream is skimmed off after it rises naturally, or by machine.

Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented

Microbes at work in this step

Not documented for this step.

Method

Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source

What makes this one different

Unlike rennet cheeses, Bloderkäse is curdled only by acid from lactic bacteria, from skimmed milk. One curd gives two products, the fresh Bloderkäse and the ripened Sauerkäse, whose yellow gelatinous layer of broken-down protein grows inward from the surface.

Milk
Skimmed cow milk, at most 24 h old, from within 30 km
Setting
Acid set by lactic bacteria alone, below pH 4.3–4.65; no rennet
Ripening
Bloderkäse fresh, sold within 21 days; Sauerkäse at least two months
Fat
At most 149 g fat per kg of dry matter

Related ferments

Variants

  • BloderkäseFresh, sold within 21 days
  • Werdenberger Sauerkäse and Liechtensteiner SauerkäseRipened at least two months, with the gelatinous layer

Safety

The specification sets limits for raw milk (30,000 bacteria and 150,000 somatic cells per ml) or lets the milk be thermised at 55–69 °C. Fresh Bloderkäse must be stored below 18 °C and sold within 21 days.

History and sources

Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made

The Swiss registration summary says acid-curd cheese making is recorded here back to the 14th century. Bloderkäse from the upper Thur valley was part of the rations of St. Gallen soldiers at the siege of Waldshut in 1468, and Werdenberg serfs paid dues in Sauerkäse. The cheese suited remote alp farms that could not carry milk down to the valley.

  1. [bloder-ph2009] Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft BLW, Pflichtenheft Werdenberger Sauerkäse, Liechtensteiner Sauerkäse und Bloderkäse, registered as GUB/AOP by ruling of 16 September 2009spec
  2. [bloder-resume] Office fédéral de l'agriculture OFAG, Résumé de la demande d'enregistrement du «Werdenberger Sauerkäse», du «Liechtensteiner Sauerkäse» et du «Bloderkäse»gov