Skip to main content
Support

Browse by category

All categories
Fermentation Atlas

Alcoholic drinks from Qinzhou

Qinzhou spring-wine coarse qu and spring wine (秦州春酒麴 / 作春酒法)秦州春酒麴

A 6th-century recipe from the Qimin Yaoshu for a coarse wheat qu from Qinzhou and the spring wine brewed with it. Roasted wheat is milled coarsely, trodden into large square cakes and left on beds of mugwort in a sealed room for three weeks. The qu is soaked in river water collected at the end of the first month, and double-steamed millet is fed to it seven times, every other day. Made in 7 steps over 31 days – 39 days. The longest step, incubate on mugwort in a sealed room, takes 21–26 days (Jia Sixie). Moulds forming a five-coloured coat does most of the fermenting.

Key numbers
Main step21–26 daysReported[qmys-ws][qmys-siku]Incubate on mugwort in a sealed room
Fully documentedAlcoholic drinks31 days – 39 daysMore alcoholic drinksMore from China

Recipe

Amounts from a sourceThe text's ratio of 1 dou qu to 7 dou grain to 4 dou water, scaled to the jar. A jar that takes 10 dan of grain gets about 9 dan of millet in seven additions; a jar of 17 dan holds no more than 10 dan of grain.
Wheat, free of insects · Roasted slowly until fragrant and yellow, not scorched, then milled coarsely[qmys-ws][qmys-siku]
Mugwort (艾) · Cut a few days ahead, weeded and wilted in the sun[qmys-ws][qmys-siku]
1 douSpring-wine qu[qmys-ws][qmys-siku]
7 douMillet (黍), double-steamed[qmys-ws][qmys-siku]
4 douRiver water · Drawn on the last day of the first month; salty well water will not do[qmys-ws][qmys-siku]
Starterkoji/qu/mold-starter (coarse wheat qu, ben qu)

Total time across the recorded steps: 31 days – 39 days

Start
Drag the bar or press Play

What changes: Wheat is roasted slowly until fragrant and yellow, then milled coarsely

Step 1 of 7
Roast the wheat and mill it coarsely
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Moulds

Made in the seventh month. The wheat is roasted in a large cauldron over a slow fire, stirred without a pause by a long-handled ladle tied to a stake, until it smells good and turns yellow. It is milled coarsely, because finely milled qu makes the wine hard to press. Output: coarse roasted wheat meal.

Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
wheat to yellow

Microbes at work in this step

Not documented for this step.

Method

Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source

What makes this one different

This qu is a coarse ben qu made from roasted wheat alone, trodden into large square cakes and grown on mugwort, unlike the divine qu of chapter 64, which mixes steamed, roasted and raw wheat in small hand-made cakes. It is weaker, so one dou ferments only 7 dou of grain, and the wine is fed seven times instead of three or four.

Related ferments

Safety

The text says to wash the grain very clean and to keep any salty smell off the brewer's hands, or the wine will spoil and not last the summer.

History and sources

Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made

Qimin Yaoshu chapter 66, 笨麴餅酒 (coarse qu cakes and wine), compiled by Jia Sixie in the 6th century. The text says it is best if the second addition is made before the Cold Food festival in spring. The book also says that all its method wines (法酒) use spring-wine qu.

  1. [qmys-ws] Jia Sixie, Qimin Yaoshu (6th century), juan 7, ch. 66 笨麴餅酒, transcription on Chinese Wikisource (齊民要術/卷第七)archive
  2. [qmys-siku] Jia Sixie, Qimin Yaoshu, Siku quanshu edition, juan 7, transcription on Chinese Wikisource (齊民要術 (四庫全書本)/卷07)archive