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Fermentation Atlas

Alcoholic drinks from Japan

Soba shochu and kasutori shochuそば焼酎

Two smaller kinds of honkaku shochu. Soba shochu follows the usual two-mash method with steamed buckwheat as the main ingredient of the second mash. Kasutori shochu is distilled from the lees left after pressing sake, which are sealed to ferment further and then traditionally mixed with rice husks and steamed in a basket still. Made in 7 steps over 42 h. The longest step, make koji (soba shochu), takes 42 h (Okutsu K. 2023) and runs at 40 °C → 30 °C (Hayashi K 2021). Aspergillus luchuensis mut. kawachii (white koji) or A. luchuensis (black koji), in the koji for soba shochu and Saccharomyces cerevisiae shochu yeast, in soba shochu do most of the fermenting.

Key numbers
Main step42 hReported[alic2023]Make koji (soba shochu)
Temperature40 °C → 30 °CReported[hayashi2021]Make koji (soba shochu)

Recipe

No fixed amounts recordedNo amounts were found for either kind; brewery recipes are not published.
Buckwheat · Steamed, for the second mash of soba shochu[nta-fukuoka]
Koji and water · For the first mash of soba shochu[nta-fukuoka][hayashi2021]
Sake lees (sake kasu) · For kasutori; the law also allows lees with water, or lees with rice, rice koji and water[liquor-tax-act][jetro-oita]
Rice husks · Mixed into the lees for basket-still distillation of kasutori[jetro-oita]
Starter: soba shochu: koji (Aspergillus luchuensis, white or black) with shochu yeast; kasutori: the yeast and enzymes left in the sake lees

Total time across the recorded steps: 42 h

Start
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40 °Cshapes, not to countAspergillus luchuensisMouldsSaccharomyces cerevisiae

What changes: Koji mould spreads over steamed grain and fills it with enzymes and citric acid

Step 1 of 7
Make koji (soba shochu)
Time
42 h
Reported
Temperature
40 °C → 30 °C
Reported
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Aspergillus luchuensis
Moulds
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Yeasts
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented

Microbes at work in this step

Not documented for this step.

Method

Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source

What makes this one different

Soba shochu changes only the main ingredient of the second mash, to buckwheat. Kasutori skips the koji mash altogether and distils what is left from sake brewing; the Liquor Tax Act lists sake lees as a shochu raw material in its own right.

Related ferments

Variants

  • Soba shochuIn 2023 Japan made 6,157 kL of soba shochu, 1.7 % of honkaku shochu; Miyazaki made 4,394 kL of it.
  • Kasutori shochuSake lees, sealed, then steam-distilled with rice husks in a basket still.

Safety

No safety limits specific to these shochu were found. Japanese law caps pot-still (honkaku) shochu at 45 % alcohol.

History and sources

Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made

  1. [jetro-oita] JETRO Oita, Invitation to Oita breweries, shochu making process and kasutori shochu process (process chart credited to the Oita Prefecture Sake Brewers Association)gov
  2. [liquor-tax-act] Liquor Tax Act of Japan (Act No. 6 of 1953), Article 3, item 10, pot-still shochu, e-Gov law searchspec
  3. [hayashi2021] Hayashi K., Kajiwara Y., Futagami T., Goto M. and Takashita H. 2021, Making traditional Japanese distilled liquor, shochu and awamori, and the contribution of white and black koji fungi, Journal of Fungi 7(7), 517paper
  4. [nta-fukuoka] National Tax Agency, Fukuoka Regional Taxation Bureau, しょうちゅう造り (Shochu making), sake making methods sheet 03gov
  5. [alic2023] Okutsu K. 2023, 黒糖焼酎はサトウキビ栽培から (Kokuto shochu begins with sugarcane growing), Sugar information, Agriculture and Livestock Industries Corporation (ALIC), October 2023gov
  6. [nissyoku2024] Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun 2024, 本格焼酎特集 雲海酒造 そば焼酎のアイテム数増やす (honkaku shochu feature), 10 May 2024web
  7. [WP:Shōchū] Wikipedia, Shōchū (outline only)wiki