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Alcoholic drinks from Sierra Tarahumara
Maize kernels are soaked, sprouted in the dark, ground and boiled for many hours until the mash turns yellow. The liquid is poured into a clay pot kept only for tesgüino, plant "catalysts" such as bark, leaves or lichen are added, and it ferments for 2 to 3 days into a sour, slurry-like maize beer drunk at communal tesgüinadas. Made in 7 steps over 7.3 days – 8.5 days. The longest step, sprout in the dark, takes 5 days (Ojeda-Linares C. et al. 2021). Saccharomyces cerevisiae, found in tesgüino from many places and Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Streptococcus), present from the cooled gruel onward and rising through fermentation do most of the fermenting.
| Main step | 5 daysReported[ojeda2021] | Sprout in the dark |
|---|
| About 10 kg | Dry maize kernels[fao1999] |
| Water · To soak the kernels and to boil the ground sprouts[fao1999] | |
| Plant catalysts · Near Urique, chopped bark of batari or kakwara (Randia echinocarpa, R. watsonii, R. laevigata) and kaya (Coutarea pterosperma), boiled for hours first; higher up in the pine forest, leaves of Stevia serrata, Chimaphila maculata and Datura, grass stems and roots[fao1999] | |
| Usnea lichen · Added as a catalyst[ojeda2021] | |
| Starter | spontaneous, carried over in the clay pot (tesgüinera) and on the utensils |
Total time across the recorded steps: 7.3 days – 8.5 days
What changes: Dry maize kernels soak up water
Soaked for several days, then drained. Output: swollen kernels.
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
Unlike tejuino, a maize-dough drink sweetened with brown sugar, tesgüino is a beer of sprouted maize, fermented with plant catalysts. Its yeasts live in the clay pot itself, so the pot is never used for anything else, and its broken pieces go into the next one.
Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made
The name tesgüino, like tejuino, comes from the Nahuatl tecuin, meaning heartbeat. Among the Rarámuri, the tesgüinada is one of the most important events of life, and players take tesgüino to the ball games and drink it for strength.
