True redaction removes the text and images from the file — not a black box on top. Plus real in-place text editing, fill + sign, reorder pages, and OCR.
LaunchEdit text in place, sign, redact, fill forms, and reorganize PDF files in your browser — all on your device. No upload, no subscription.
Drop two versions of a contract or drawing set. Moved notes read as moves, changed values light up digit by digit, and hidden text is named.
LaunchSide-by-side or overlay PDF diff driven by one engine that reads each file into a structured model — text, vector geometry, images, form fields, annotations — and compares the models. Moves show as moves, edits show only where they happened, and any PDF type works without picking a mode.
Drop a Gerber ZIP, an ODB++ .tgz or an IPC-2581 .xml and inspect every layer — compare revisions, snap-to-pad measure, run DRC and preview the board in 3D.
LaunchOpen Gerber, Excellon, ODB++ and IPC-2581 PCB files. Inspect layers, measure traces, run DRC, export to PNG / SVG / DXF.
Open a .step / .stp part and it measures itself: volume, thinnest wall, draft and undercuts on load, and a hole list with a BOM in one click. Measure, section, export STL.
LaunchOpen a STEP / STP part and it measures itself — volume, thinnest wall, draft and undercut checks on load, plus hole detection with a BOM. Measure, section, export STL. Rust + WASM B-rep kernel, runs in your browser.
Compress, merge, split, convert, and manipulate PDF files.
Resize, compress, convert, and transform images.
Convert, compress, and cut audio and video — MP3, WAV, MP4, WebM, Opus — all in your browser, nothing uploads.
Simulate a canning process down to its F0 sterilizing value.
Encrypt files, share encrypted notes as links, and read passport IDs and Windows event logs.
Analyze packet captures, move files between devices, and console into network gear — nothing uploads.
Scan receipts into an expense ledger — your receipts and spending stay on your device.
View, measure, and repair CAD and 3D files — STEP, STL, OBJ, PLY, GLB, 3MF, DXF, and Gerber — right in your browser. Nothing uploads.
Fermented milk from Mongolia, Inner Mongolia
Airag is Mongolian fermented mare milk, a mildly alcoholic, sour and fizzy drink. Fresh milk goes into a cowhide bag (khokhuur) that holds last batch's airag as starter, and it is churned with a wooden paddle 5,000 times or more. Lactic bacteria and yeasts turn the milk sugar into lactic acid, about 1.4–2.3 % alcohol and carbon dioxide. Made in 4 steps over 24 h – 2 days. The longest step, churn with the buluur many times, takes 24 h – 2 days (Guo L. et al. 2021) and runs at 20–30 °C (Choi S.-H. 2016). Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacilli and lactic streptococci do most of the fermenting.
| Main step | 24 h – 2 daysReported[guo2021] | Churn with the buluur many times |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature | 20–30 °CReported[choi2016][guo2021] | Churn with the buluur many times |
| Acidity | pH up to 4Reported[choi2016] | Churn with the buluur many times |
| Fresh mare milk · Mares give 3 to 6 litres a day in the milking season, mid-June to early October[unesco] | |
| About 20 % of the milk | Airag from the last batch, as starter · Left inside the khokhuur[choi2016][unesco] |
| Starter | backslop: about 20 % old airag, plus the starter left inside the hide bag |
Total time across the recorded steps: 24 h – 2 days
What changes: Starting material: fresh mare milk, milked several times a day in summer
The milking season runs from mid-June to early October. Output: fresh mare milk.
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
Airag is made from mare milk, which is high in lactose, and it holds more alcohol than kefir (1.44–2.33 % against 0.5–1.0 %). It ferments in an open cowhide bag with old airag as starter and is churned thousands of times instead of being left to set.
Airag is made from raw milk. Natural fermentation gives very variable lactose, alcohol and acid between samples (Choi 2016).
Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made
The traditional technique of making airag in the khokhuur and its customs was nominated by Mongolia to UNESCO's intangible heritage lists in 2018. Airag is made in summer and autumn and is part of daily summer diet and festivals.
