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Buffalo milk is boiled and curdled with the juice of pineapple or of papaya leaves, whose enzymes set a soft, greenish-white curd that is lifted from the whey. It is a boundary entry, because the juice and heat set the curd, while studies also describe protein-degrading microbes and lactic acid bacteria in the product. In a lab version, 300 ml of buffalo milk with 12 ml of pineapple juice was held 50 minutes at 60 °C.
Amounts from a sourceAmounts from a lab study at Universitas HKBP Nommensen, Medan, for 300 ml of buffalo milk. The sources give no amounts for the traditional method.
none added; plant enzymes (bromelain in pineapple, papain in papaya leaf) set the curd, and the sources describe lactic acid bacteria in the product
Total time across the recorded steps: 50 min
Start
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What changes:Buffalo milk is heated in a pot
Step 1 of 4
Heat the buffalo milk
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
In the tradition the milk is brought to the boil.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
At a glance
Buffalo milk is boiled and curdled with the juice of pineapple or of papaya leaves, whose enzymes set a soft, greenish-white curd that is lifted from the whey. It is a boundary entry, because the juice and heat set the curd, while studies also describe protein-degrading microbes and lactic acid bacteria in the product. In a lab version, 300 ml of buffalo milk with 12 ml of pineapple juice was held 50 minutes at 60 °C. Made in 4 steps over 50 min. The longest step, hold warm until the curd sets, takes 50 min (Pardosi U. 2024) and runs at 60 °C (Pardosi U. 2024). Lactic acid bacteria, among them Pediococcus acidilactici and Active Lactobacillus and protein-degrading microbes, which a 2024 study says are present and active during fermentation of the product do most of the fermenting.
A Batak buffalo-milk curd set by boiling the milk and adding pineapple or papaya-leaf juice. Studies also report lactic acid bacteria in it.
Boundary
The curd is set by plant enzymes (bromelain or papain) and heat; the sources also describe lactic acid bacteria and protein-degrading microbes in the product
Arrazy and colleagues write that buffalo farming is deeply ingrained in Batak Toba culture and that the animals serve symbolic purposes and plough rice fields. They say dali ni horbo is traded in Tapanuli markets and often served at special events and celebrations.