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Doburoku is Japan's farmhouse rice brew. Steamed rice, rice koji and water ferment together in one vessel for about a week, and the thick mash is bottled and drunk without straining. Japanese law defines it by exactly that; once any liquid is separated from the solids, it is no longer doburoku. Made in 5 steps over 21 days – 37 days. The longest step, keep it cold, takes 14–30 days (Japan Tourism Agency multilingual commentary…). Aspergillus oryzae, the koji mould that turns rice starch into sugar and Saccharomyces cerevisiae do most of the fermenting.
Amounts from a sourceA trial batch of 1.25 kg total rice from the Ibaraki Prefectural Industrial Technology Center, made for doburoku special-zone brewers in Kitaibaraki; it gave 3.3–3.4 L.
1,000 g
Steamed rice (kakemai) · Koshihikari milled to 90 %[ibaraki2011]
250 g
Rice koji (dried) · 20 % of the total rice; bought koji is allowed under the special-zone rules[ibaraki2011][niigata]
Total time across the recorded steps: 21 days – 37 days
Start
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What changes:Washed and soaked rice is steamed
Step 1 of 5
Wash, soak and steam the rice
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Aspergillus oryzae
Moulds
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Lactic acid bacteria
Yeasts
Output: steamed rice.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
What makes this one different
Doburoku is never pressed or strained. Nigori sake is pressed through a coarse mesh so fine solids remain; doburoku keeps all its rice and is classed in Japanese law as "other brewed liquor".
Shrine doburoku, Shirakawa-go (Gifu)Each shrine brews its own for the Doburoku Festival, 14–19 October. The shrines have held special licences since 1896 to brew for religious use only, never for sale.
Doburoku tokku (special-zone farm doburoku)In Structural Reform Special Zones, farmers who also run inns or restaurants may brew from rice they grew themselves without the usual minimum of 6,000 L a year.
Safety
Unpasteurised doburoku holds live lactic bacteria. It is kept in the refrigerator before and after opening, keeps about a month and is best drunk within two weeks.
Doburoku was brewed in ordinary homes until the government banned unlicensed brewing at the end of the 19th century. Shrines in Shirakawa-go have brewed it since the early Edo period, and it returned to farm villages such as Miyama in Kyoto after doburoku special zones began in the early 2000s.