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Halloumi is a Cypriot cheese whose pressed curd is cooked in hot whey, so it holds its shape on a grill. It is made from sheep, goat or cow milk, salted in whey brine and folded with mint. Fresh halloumi is sold immediately after production, and mature halloumi can be kept in whey brine for at least 40 days.
A starter culture (TCC-3) was added in the cow-milk lab version, to adjust the pH; one batch had none (Zhao 2025).
Total time across the recorded steps: 41 days
Start
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What changes:Rennet goes into the warm milk, which sets to a gel
Step 1 of 6
Set the milk with rennet
Time
45 min
Reported
Temperature
32 °C
Reported
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Lactic acid bacteria
Lactobacillus
Leuconostoc
Pediococcus
Output: coagulum.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
milk sets to a gel
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
in the cow-milk lab cheese a starter culture is added to the milk to adjust the pH before rennet goes in
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
At a glance
Halloumi is a Cypriot cheese whose pressed curd is cooked in hot whey, so it holds its shape on a grill. It is made from sheep, goat or cow milk, salted in whey brine and folded with mint. Fresh halloumi is sold immediately after production, and mature halloumi can be kept in whey brine for at least 40 days. Made in 6 steps over 41 days. The longest step, mature in whey brine, takes at least 40 days (Official Journal of the European Union C 53 2023). Salt is 12 % (Kaminarides S 2019). Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Pediococcus does most of the fermenting.
The cheese the whey-cooked family is named for: pressed curd cooked in hot whey, then salted in whey brine and folded with mint. The PDO sets cooking in whey at over 90 °C for at least 30 minutes.
Milk
sheep, goat or cow milk; traditionally sheep and goat mixed
Setting
32 °C for 45 min in a halloumi-type cheese made from cow milk in a lab
Cooking
Blocks cook in whey at 90–92 °C for 30 min
Ripening
Mature halloumi is left to mature in salted whey for at least 40 days (PDO single document)
The PDO requires the milk to be pasteurised or heated above 65 °C, and the curd to be heat-treated in whey above 90 °C for at least 30 minutes. The amendment's justification describes current practice as cooling the cooked cheese to 7 °C, holding it in brine at low temperature for 24 to 72 hours, and keeping it below 7 °C for its whole life. The single document caps salt at 3 % in fresh and 6 % in mature halloumi.
Hazards the sources name: Spore-forming and spoilage bacteria (detected in Cyprus halloumi).
The oldest written reference found for halloumi is 'calumi' in a Venetian manuscript codex of 1554, and Archimandrite Kyprianos wrote of it in 1788, including its export to other countries. The eAmbrosia register lists the Official Journal of 13.4.2021 as the act that registered the PDO; a 2022 standard amendment, published on 13.2.2023, raised the maximum fresh moisture to 52 % and the weight limit to 1 200 g.