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Vegetables from Takayama and Hida, Gifu, Japan

Hida akakabu-zuke (Hida red turnip pickle)赤かぶ漬け

Whole Hida beni-kabu red turnips are packed tight in a barrel with brine and layers of salt, weighted and left at room temperature. Over about two months lactic fermentation sours them, and the acid turns the red skin pigment through the white flesh.

Fully documentedVegetables2.5 months

Recipe

Amounts from a sourceTakayama pickle makers' association recipe on MAFF's regional-cuisine site, for about 10 people, in a 30 L (2-to) barrel. The traditional method adds nothing but salt.
Hida beni-kabu turnips, fresh and well washed20 kg[maff-akakabu]
Salt800 g200 g in the brine and 600 g between the layers; the recipe calls itself on the salty side, to be adjusted for keeping time and taste[maff-akakabu]
Water2 kg[maff-akakabu]

Total time across the recorded steps: 2.5 months

Start
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What changes: Freshly harvested red turnips are washed clean

Step 1 of 6
Wash the fresh turnips
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Lactic acid bacteria

The turnips are harvested from October to early December. Hida once marked the start of winter in November with na-arai, washing pickling vegetables in the river.

Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented

Microbes at work in this step

Not documented for this step.

Method

Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source

At a glance

Whole Hida beni-kabu red turnips are packed tight in a barrel with brine and layers of salt, weighted and left at room temperature. Over about two months lactic fermentation sours them, and the acid turns the red skin pigment through the white flesh. Made in 6 steps over 2.5 months. The longest step, ferment and mature, takes 2 months (MAFF 2026). Salt is 4 % (MAFF 2026). Lactic acid bacteria working on the turnip's sugars does most of the fermenting.

Key numbers
Main step2 monthsReported[maff-akakabu][maff-tf-akakabu]Ferment and mature
Salt4 %Reported[maff-akakabu]Layer the turnips tight with salt

What makes this one different

Hida akakabu-zuke is a salt-only lactic pickle of whole turnips, made by a salt-saving method said to date from the Edo period. The red colour comes from the turnip itself, not from shiso or dye.

Related ferments

Variants

  • Shina-zukeCucumbers, aubergines, myoga and mushrooms salted as they are harvested are pickled again with the late-autumn red turnips and all turn red.
  • Sunna (酸菜), TakaneA red-turnip pickle made with no salt at all; an old Hida record says the greens were dipped in hot water and packed in tubs while still steaming.

Safety

The MAFF recipe says its salt level is on the strong side and may be changed for the keeping time and taste. White yeast that rises to the brine surface is scooped off often. Swapping the top and bottom layers at about 15 days evens the salt through the barrel.

History and sources

Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made

In 1918 a red mutant of the purple Hachiga turnip was found in Niukawa village (now part of Takayama). Seed was saved and selected for round, bright, white-fleshed roots with soft leaves, giving today's Hida beni-kabu, a certified Hida-Mino traditional vegetable.

Starter
The sources we found do not say how its fermentation begins.
  1. [maff-akakabu] MAFF, うちの郷土料理, 赤かぶ漬け (Gifu; recipe from the Takayama pickle makers' association), read 2026-10gov
  2. [maff-tf-akakabu] MAFF, にっぽん伝統食図鑑 (Traditional Foods in Japan), 赤かぶ漬け, read 2026-10gov
  3. [gifu2021] Kashima T., Kodera M., Nakashima M., Kobayashi K. and Yokoyama S. 2021, 有用微生物の探索と機能性食品の開発 (sunna, the salt-free red-turnip pickle of Takane), Report of the Gifu Prefectural Research Institute for Food Sciences 3gov