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Shanniang is the semi-sweet Shaoxing rice wine. It is brewed like dry yuanhong wine, except that finished yuanhong wine and the sour rice-soak water go into the vat instead of plain water. The added alcohol holds the yeast back, so 40.1–100.0 g/L of sugar is left in the wine. Made in 6 steps over 33 days – 48 days. The longest step, slow ferment in clay jars, takes at least 30 days (Zhejiang Liquor Industry Association 2025) and runs at up to 20 °C (Zhejiang Liquor Industry Association 2025). Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus do most of the fermenting.
No fixed amounts recordedThe production rules list the ingredients and say they go in by the recipe standard, but give no ratios, so no amounts are shown.
Starter: koji/qu/mold-starter (wheat qu plus a jiuyao-based yeast mother)
Total time across the recorded steps: 33 days – 48 days
Start
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What changes:The rice soaks under water for days to weeks and the water turns sour
Step 1 of 6
Soak the glutinous rice and keep the soak water
Time
3–18 days
Set
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Lactic acid bacteria
Yeasts
Output: soaked rice and sour rice-soak water.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
lactic bacteria sour the soak water, which shanniang reuses
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
What makes this one different
Yuanhong, the dry Shaoxing wine, is brewed with water and keeps 15.0 g/L of sugar or less. Shanniang uses finished yuanhong wine and rice-soak water instead of water and a warmer pitch of 30–33 °C. The added alcohol slows the yeast, so the wine stays semi-sweet.
Shaoxing wine is classed by sugar into dry yuanhong, semi-dry jiafan, semi-sweet shanniang and sweet xiangxue, the four types of the national geographical-indication standard.