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Sato (Isan rice wine) and lao hai / ou (jar wine)สาโท
Steamed glutinous rice is dusted with powdered loog-pang, a dried starter ball of rice flour, herbs and spices, and sealed in a jar. For about three days moulds turn the rice into a sweet syrup (nam toi); then water is added and yeasts ferment it for another week or more into a cloudy, sweet-sour rice wine. Made in 7 steps over 11 days – 16 days. The longest step, ferment to wine, takes 5–10 days (Rattanasuk S 2026) and runs at 25–35 °C (Nienvitoon S 2025). Moulds of loog-pang (Amylomyces, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor, Absidia), which turn the starch to sugar and Yeasts of loog-pang, including an alcohol-tolerant isolate close to Issatchenkia orientalis do most of the fermenting.
Amounts from a sourceA laboratory batch from Rattanasuk and colleagues (2026), whose starters came from sato makers in Roi Et and Yasothon. Village brewers work by eye.
100 g
Black glutinous rice · Soaked overnight, steamed 40 min in muslin, cooled[rattanasuk2026]
About 250 mL
Water, sprinkled over the cooked rice · Loosens the grains[rattanasuk2026]
6 g
Loog-pang, finely ground · Rice flour, herbs and spices, with powder from an earlier batch[rattanasuk2026]
Total time across the recorded steps: 11 days – 16 days
Start
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What changes:Soaked glutinous rice is steamed in cloth until soft
Step 1 of 7
Soak and steam the glutinous rice
Time
40 min
Measured
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Moulds
Yeasts
Output: steamed sticky rice.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
What makes this one different
Sato is fermented in two stages in one jar. The rice is first left solid so the moulds of loog-pang make a sweet syrup, and only then is water added for the yeasts. Thai law defines sato as undistilled liquor of glutinous rice fermented with loog-pang, at no more than 15 degrees.
Under Thailand's Liquor Act of 1950, sato is defined as undistilled liquor made from glutinous rice fermented with loog-pang, of no more than 15 degrees alcohol.