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Whole cow milk, raw or since 2024 also pasteurised with a lactic culture, is warmed and set with rennet and a little salt within five hours of milking. The curd is drained and moulded in strainers that give a fluted, flattened ball, rubbed with salt and ripened from 2 days (fresh) to over 14 days (ripe).
none for raw milk; a lactic acid culture where pasteurised milk is used
Total time across the recorded steps: 2.2 days
Start
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What changes:Rennet and a little salt go into warm, fresh whole milk
Step 1 of 4
Warm the milk and add rennet and salt
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Making must begin no later than five hours after milking ends. Where pasteurised milk is used, a lactic acid starter culture also goes in.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
At a glance
Whole cow milk, raw or since 2024 also pasteurised with a lactic culture, is warmed and set with rennet and a little salt within five hours of milking. The curd is drained and moulded in strainers that give a fluted, flattened ball, rubbed with salt and ripened from 2 days (fresh) to over 14 days (ripe). Made in 4 steps over 2.2 days. The longest step, ripen, takes at least 2 days (European Commission 2011) and runs at 5–15 °C (Kliks J 2022).
Moulded in strainers that leave its fluted surface, with salt added to the milk itself as well as rubbed on, and sold fresh after only 2–4 days as well as matured or ripe.
Ripening classes
Świeży (fresh) 2–4 days; leżakowany (matured) 5–14 days; dojrzały (ripe) over 14 days
Size
Flattened ball up to 30 cm across, 2.5–5 kg, fluted surface
A survey of 45 retail cheeses found coagulase-positive staphylococci in most, enterotoxin in one and Listeria monocytogenes above the EU limit in four, which the authors tie to raw milk and hygiene. The 2024 amendment allows low pasteurisation with a starter culture.
Hazards the sources name: Coagulase-positive staphylococci in 68.9 % of 45 retail cheeses, enterotoxin in one; Listeria monocytogenes above 10^2 cfu/g in four; no Salmonella.