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Vegetables from Ohara, Sakyō ward, Kyoto, Japan

Shibazuke柴漬け

Shibazuke is sliced eggplant pickled with red shiso in Ohara, north of Kyoto. The eggplant and shiso are briefly pre-salted, packed tightly with salt in sealed containers under a heavy stone and left to ferment for two weeks to a month with no temperature control. Lactic acid bacteria bring it to about pH 3.4, and the red shiso colours it.

Fully documentedVegetables14 days – 30 days

Recipe

No fixed amounts recordedCommercial process with no published recipe amounts. The study describes 75 L containers pressed with an 80–100 kg stone.
Eggplant, slicedGrown in Kyoto prefecture for the Kyoto school-lunch shibazuke[sawada2024][kyoto]
Red shiso leavesFrom Ohara; they flavour and colour the pickle[sawada2024][kyoto]
SaltMakers add enough to end at about 2.5–4.5 % salt[sawada2024]
Starterspontaneous

Total time across the recorded steps: 14 days – 30 days

Start
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Close-up: salt moving into a piece

What changes: Sliced eggplant and red shiso are salted briefly to draw out water

Step 1 of 4
Pre-salt the sliced eggplant and red shiso
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
L. plantarum
Lactobacillaceae
Pediococcus
Lactobacillus
Lactic acid bacteria

The eggplant slices and shiso are briefly dehydrated with salt before packing.

Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented

Microbes at work in this step

Not documented for this step.

Method

Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source

At a glance

Shibazuke is sliced eggplant pickled with red shiso in Ohara, north of Kyoto. The eggplant and shiso are briefly pre-salted, packed tightly with salt in sealed containers under a heavy stone and left to ferment for two weeks to a month with no temperature control. Lactic acid bacteria bring it to about pH 3.4, and the red shiso colours it. Made in 4 steps over 14 days – 30 days. The longest step, ferment with no temperature control, takes 14–30 days (Sawada K 2024). Salt is 2.5–4.5 % (Sawada K 2024). Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, the species most of the unclassified Lactobacillaceae turned out to be and Pediococcus, Lactobacillus and Weissella do most of the fermenting.

Key numbers
Main step14–30 daysReported[sawada2024]Ferment with no temperature control
Salt2.5–4.5 %Measured[sawada2024]Finished pickle
AciditypH 3.4Measured[sawada2024]Finished pickle

What makes this one different

Unlike suguki or senmaizuke, shibazuke is eggplant, not turnip, and its colour comes from red shiso. It is pressed hard and sealed so it ferments with almost no air, and it ends more sour than kimchi (pH 4.5) and about as sour as sauerkraut (pH 3.4) [sawada2024].

Related ferments

Safety

The finished pickles reached pH 3.39 ± 0.03 with about 2.5–4.5 % salt [sawada2024].

History and sources

Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made

Tradition credits the pickle to Seiō Daishi, a monk of Sanzen-in temple in Ohara. The name is said to come from Kenreimon-in, the empress who lived in retirement at Jakkō-in, where villagers offered her a shiso pickle and she called it murasakiba-zuke for its bright purple colour. Ohara is known for its red shiso, which MAFF says is among the closest to the original variety [maff-shiba].

  1. [sawada2024] Sawada K., Yamada T. 2024, Influence of the initial microbiota on eggplant shibazuke pickle and eggplant juice fermentation, Microbiology Spectrum 12(8):e00464-24, doi:10.1128/spectrum.00464-24paper
  2. [kyoto] Kyoto City Board of Education, school-lunch recipe sheet しば漬ちりめん (shibazuke from Ohara red shiso and Kyoto eggplant)gov
  3. [maff-shiba] MAFF, Uchi no kyōdo ryōri (Our Regional Cuisines), しば漬け (Kyoto)gov