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Pasteurised cow milk from three English counties is set with a starter and rennet, and the curd is left until the next day, then milled to walnut-size pieces, salted and tipped into tall moulds with no pressing. The cheese drains for up to a week, its surface is smoothed into a coat, and at about six weeks it is pierced so the blue mould can grow. Made in 7 steps over 49 days – 3 months. The longest step, ripen as the blue veins grow, takes 42 days – 2.8 months (Defra 2013). Lactococcus lactis (starter), about 70 % of colonies seen in the core and Penicillium roqueforti do most of the fermenting.
Rennet · Animal or non-animal coagulant[defra-spec]
Penicillium roqueforti · Added to the milk or sprayed on the curd; not used for White Stilton[defra-spec]
Salt · Mixed into the milled curd before moulding[defra-spec]
Starter: mesophilic lactic starter (Lactococcus lactis) plus Penicillium roqueforti
Total time across the recorded steps: 49 days – 3 months
Start
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What changes:Starter, rennet and blue mould spores go into pasteurised milk and it sets
Step 1 of 7
Pasteurise the milk and add starter, rennet and blue mould
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Moulds
Penicillium roqueforti
Lactobacilli
Yeasts
The specification sets no temperature or time for this step. Output: curd.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
milk sets to a gel
Colour
white
Microbes at work in this step
the starter begins souring the milk; mould spores go in with it
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
What makes this one different
Stilton is made with no applied pressure, and its curd waits until the next day before it is milled and salted. Only pasteurised milk from three counties is allowed. Roquefort, by contrast, uses raw ewe milk, is not milled, and ripens in natural caves.
Milk
Pasteurised cow milk from Leicestershire, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire
Curd
The next day the curd is cut into blocks, milled to walnut-size pieces, salted and tipped into moulds; no pressure is applied
Draining
Up to 7 days in a controlled room, turned regularly; then the surface is smoothed to form the coat
Piercing
Pierced with stainless needles at about 6 weeks
Ripening
Blue Stilton 6–12 weeks; Mature Blue 10–15 weeks; Vintage Blue over 15 weeks
The specification cites Daniel Defoe in 1727 passing through Stilton, "a town famous for cheese", and a cooperative of farmers formed at Long Clawson in 1911.