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Fermentation Atlas

Blue cheeses

Open, unpressed curd pierced so Penicillium roqueforti can grow inside.

39 entries listed here.

How these cheeses are made

The shared make of blue-veined cheese family (roquefort as template). Each cheese below says what it does differently.

  1. Set the milk with rennet and blue mould sporesat least 40 min · 28–36 °C
  2. Cut, stir and drain without pressing3–7 days · 20–22 °C
  3. Salt dry4–5 days · 6–15 °C · 2–4 % salt
  4. Pierce with needles
  5. Ripen in caves or cellars as the blue growsat least 14 days · 2–12 °C
  6. Wrap and mature slowlyat least 50 days · at least -5 °C

Compare them

CheeseRegionMilkRipeningRind
Bleu d'Auvergne PDOFrance, Massif CentralCow milk only, raw, thermised or pasteurised; cows graze at least 150 days a yearAt least 28 days from renneting
Bleu de Gex Haut-Jura / Bleu de Septmoncel PDOFrance, the high Jura mountainsRaw milk from Montbéliarde or French Simmental cows fed on hay and pasture; no silageAt least 21 days from making
Bleu des Causses PDOFrance, Causses limestone plateausWhole cow milk, raw or heat-treated; at least 120 days of grazing a yearAt least 70 days from renneting, at most 190 days in cold maturation
Bleu du Vercors-Sassenage PDOFrance, the Vercors massif west of GrenobleCow milk, raw or thermised (raw on farms); Montbéliarde, Abondance and Villard-de-Lans breeds; at least 150 days of grazing a year; no silage or other fermented feedAt least 21 days from renneting
Buxton Blue PDOEngland, Derbyshire28 days – 2.3 monthsClean cloth-bound surface, no mould coat
Cabrales PDOAsturias, SpainRaw cow, sheep or goat milk, or a mix of two or threeAt least 2 months from the curd date, mostly in caves
Dovedale Cheese PDOEngland, the Peak District within fifty miles of DovedalePasteurised whole cow milk from the Peak DistrictNormally 3–4 weeks from manufacture
Fourme d'Ambert PDOFrance, AuvergneCow milk only; farm cheeses use raw whole milkAt least 28 days from renneting
Fourme de Montbrison PDOFrance, monts du ForezCow milk; raw and whole on farmsAt least 32 days from renneting
Gamonéu PDOSpain, eastern AsturiasRaw cow, sheep or goat milk, alone or mixedAt least 2 months from curdling (3 months over 7 kg), with at least 30 days in a cave
Gorgonzola PDO dolce/piccanteItaly, Piedmont and LombardyWhole pasteurised cow milk with lactic starter, Penicillium spores and selected yeastsDolce 50–150 days; piccante 80–270 days; piccola piccante 60–200 days
Niva (Jihočeská niva)Czechia, South Bohemiacow milkat least 28 days
Queso de Valdeón PGISpain, León, municipality of Posada de ValdeónCow milk, or cow mixed with sheep and/or goat milk; raw or pasteurisedAt least 2 months (raw milk) or 1 month (pasteurised milk)
RoquefortFrance, southern Massif CentralRaw, whole ewe milk from two milkings a day, stored on the farm for up to 24 h at 10 °C or lessAt least 90 days from making, with at least 2 weeks bare in the Combalou caves ventilated by the fleurines
StiltonEnglandPasteurised cow milk from Leicestershire, Derbyshire and NottinghamshireBlue Stilton 6–12 weeks; Mature Blue 10–15 weeks; Vintage Blue over 15 weeks
Cashel BlueIreland, Co. TipperaryPasteurised cow milkFrom 8 weeks for young wheels; 12 to 14 weeks and more for extra mature
Exmoor Blue Cheese (Exmoor Jersey Blue)England, Devon and Somerset21–42 daysWhite bloomy surface
MurianengoItaly, Piemonteat least 3 monthsRustic, hard, rough, yellow-red
Aura (Aurajuusto)Finland, Äänekoski42 days
Bayley Hazen BlueUnited States, Vermont, GreensboroRaw whole cow milk from the farm's Ayrshire herd3–4 months
Beenleigh BlueEngland, Devon, Ticklemore Cheese Dairy at TotnesPasteurised sheep milkNone; wrapped at a few weeks old
Bergader EdelpilzGermany, Bavaria, Bergader Privatkäserei at Waging am See and Bad AiblingCow milk; the standard also allows sheep milk or a mixAt least 5 weeks under the German standard for Edelpilzkäse
Bleu BénédictinCanada, Québec, the Abbey of Saint-Benoît-du-Lac on Lake MemphrémagogPasteurised whole cow milk from local farmsCold, humid cellars; ripening time for this cheese not published
Bleu de TermignonFrance, Savoie, Haute-Maurienne, the Termignon valley in the Vanoise National ParkRaw cow milk from summer pasture only3 days
BleuchâtelSwitzerland, canton of NeuchâtelThermised cow milkAbout one month
Cornish BlueEngland, Cornwall2.8–3.2 months
Crozier BlueIreland, Co. Tipperary2.8 months
Danablu PGIDenmarkcow milk~8–12 wk
Dorset Blue Vinny PGIDorsetcow milk, skimmed~3–5 mo
Kopanisti PDOCycladescow/sheep/goat milk≥40 d
KraftkarNorway, NordmørePasteurised whole cow milk from the farm, with added creamUsually six months; longer for "vellagret"
Lanark BlueScotland, LanarkshireRaw ewes' milk from the farm's own Lacaune flockAbout three months, two of them in foil
Perl LasWalescow milk
Persillé de TignesSavoiegoat milk~3 mo
Queso de La PeralSpain, Asturiasat least 2 monthsWikipedia calls it rindless; Turismo Asturias describes a soft, thin, greasy, greyish rind
Rogue River BlueOregoncow milk, raw~9–11 mo
Shropshire BlueEngland, NottinghamshirePasteurised cow milk
SticheltonCollingthwaite Farm, Welbeck Estate, Nottinghamshire, EnglandRaw cow milk, used on the farm where it is milked14 days
Strachitunt PDOVal Taleggiocow milk, raw≥75 d

Bold names have a full page with the animated steps. Blank cells: no sourced value yet.

Short entries

What the sources record about each of these so far.

Aura (Aurajuusto)Finland, Äänekoski

Also called Aura, Aura-sinihomejuusto, Midnight Blue.

Aura is a Finnish blue cheese of cow milk, created in the 1930s as a Roquefort-type cheese made from cow milk instead of sheep milk. The cooked curd is pressed, salted by hand and pierced so Penicillium roqueforti can grow through it. It spends about two weeks in a cool, damp cellar and then six weeks in cold storage.

Size
3 kg wheel, cut into wedges or crumbled; sold as 6 kg wheels at first
Output
About two million kilograms a year
  1. Add the blue mould to the milk
  2. Cook the curd
  3. Press in moulds
  4. Salt by hand
  5. Pierce the wheels
  6. Grow the mould in the cellar14 days
  7. Mature in cold storage42 days

Safety: No safety values for this cheese were found in the sources used here.

Bayley Hazen BlueUnited States, Vermont, Greensboro

Bayley Hazen Blue is a natural-rind blue cheese made since 2003 at Jasper Hill Farm in Vermont from the farm's raw whole cow's milk. Each wheel is pierced by hand in the cellar so air can reach the Penicillium roqueforti inside, and it ripens for three to four months into a dense, fudge-like blue.

Milk
Raw whole cow milk from the farm's Ayrshire herd
Ripening
3–4 months
Size
About 7 lb (3.2 kg)
  1. Make the curd
  2. Mould the wheels
  3. Pierce by hand
  4. Ripen in the cellar3–4 months
Beenleigh BlueEngland, Devon, Ticklemore Cheese Dairy at Totnes

Beenleigh Blue is a sheep's milk blue cheese from Devon, first made in 1978 by Robin Congdon, one of the first farmers to milk sheep commercially in Britain. It uses methods like those of Roquefort, pasteurised ewe's milk, a vegetarian coagulant and Penicillium roqueforti; the cheeses are pierced, then wrapped at a few weeks old so that no rind forms.

Milk
Pasteurised sheep milk
Rind
None; wrapped at a few weeks old
  1. Set the milk
  2. Mould the curd
  3. Pierce
  4. Wrap and ripen
Bergader EdelpilzGermany, Bavaria, Bergader Privatkäserei at Waging am See and Bad Aibling

Bergader Edelpilz is a Bavarian blue cheese of the German standard type Edelpilzkäse, made by the Bergader dairy from Alpine-foothill cow's milk. The curd is set with rennet, cultures and Penicillium roqueforti, moulded, brined and pierced with fine needles so the blue can grow, and it ripens at least five weeks.

Milk
Cow milk; the standard also allows sheep milk or a mix
Ripening
At least 5 weeks under the German standard for Edelpilzkäse
Dry matter
At least 48%, 50% or 55% dry matter for the full-fat, cream and double-cream grades
  1. Set the milk
  2. Cut and drain
  3. Fill the moulds
  4. Brine
  5. Pierce with needles
  6. Ripenat least 35 days
Bleu BénédictinCanada, Québec, the Abbey of Saint-Benoît-du-Lac on Lake Memphrémagog

Bleu Bénédictin is a blue-veined cow's milk cheese made by the Benedictine monks of Saint-Benoît-du-Lac in Québec. The abbey pasteurises whole milk from local farms, sets it with cultures and rennet, brines the wheels and ripens its blue cheeses in cold, humid rooms, where Penicillium roqueforti gives a creamy paste and a mushroom flavour.

Milk
Pasteurised whole cow milk from local farms
Ripening
Cold, humid cellars; ripening time for this cheese not published
  1. Pasteurise the milk72 °C
  2. Set and cut the curd
  3. Mould
  4. Brine24 h
  5. Ripen cold and humid
Bleu de TermignonFrance, Savoie, Haute-Maurienne, the Termignon valley in the Vanoise National Park

Bleu de Termignon is a raw cow's milk blue from the high pastures of the Vanoise, made only in summer by a handful of farmers. No starter or blue mould is added; fresh curd is drained, soured in whey, milled and moulded in wooden forms, and blue mould from the chalet and cellars slowly enters from the rind. Its Penicillium roqueforti is a genetically distinct population found only in these cheeses.

Milk
Raw cow milk from summer pasture only
Blue
Spontaneous; no mould added and no piercing
Scale
Made by a handful of farmers; a few hundred cheeses a year
  1. Ripen the milk and make the curd
  2. Drain in cloths2 days
  3. Sour the curd in whey
  4. Mill, salt and mould3 days
  5. Ripen in the cellar
BleuchâtelSwitzerland, canton of Neuchâtel

Also called Bleuchâtel, Bleu suisse, Bleu des Montagnes Neuchâteloises.

A soft, creamy Swiss blue cheese made from thermised cow milk at the Fromagerie Les Martel, a creation of its owner Didier Germain. The round wheels, with a white rind edged with blue, ripen about one month.

Milk
Thermised cow milk
Ripening
About one month
Size
18 cm across, 9 cm high, 2–3 kg
  1. Thermise the milk
  2. Make and mould the cheese
  3. Ripen30 days

Safety: No safety source specific to Bleuchâtel was found. The NHS advises pregnant women to eat soft blue-veined cheeses only cooked until steaming hot.

Cornish BlueEngland, Cornwall

Young, mild, creamy blue meant to be eaten soon after making, unlike long-matured Stilton.

  1. Prepare the milk
  2. Set the curd
  3. Mould and salt
  4. Ripen2.8–3.2 months
Crozier BlueIreland, Co. Tipperary

Ireland's only sheep-milk blue; sister of cow-milk Cashel Blue with a whiter paste and a much longer ripening; launched 1993.

  1. Prepare the milk
  2. Mould and salt
  3. Ripen2.8 months
Danablu PGIDenmark

Roquefort copy 1920s

Milk
cow milk
Ripening
~8–12 wk

Made like Blue-veined cheese family (Roquefort as template).

Dorset Blue Vinny PGIDorset

skimmed milk blue

Milk
cow milk, skimmed
Ripening
~3–5 mo

Made like Blue-veined cheese family (Roquefort as template).

Kopanisti PDOCyclades

curd hand-kneaded repeatedly as surface moulds grow; peppery spreadable blue-like

Milk
cow/sheep/goat milk
Ripening
≥40 d

Made like Blue-veined cheese family (Roquefort as template).

KraftkarNorway, Nordmøre

Also called Kraftkar, Tingvollost Kraftkar.

Pasteurised whole milk from the farm's own cows is enriched with cream, made into a cylindrical cheese, pierced with needles and ripened with Penicillium roqueforti. It usually ripens about six months into a creamy, slightly grainy, strong and salty blue with blue-grey veins.

Milk
Pasteurised whole cow milk from the farm, with added cream
Fat
65% fat in dry matter
Ripening
Usually six months; longer for "vellagret"
Size
About 18 cm across, 7 cm high, 1.8 kg
  1. Enrich the milk with cream
  2. Make and mould the cheese
  3. Pierce and ripenat least 6 months

Safety: No safety source specific to Kraftkar was found. It is made from pasteurised milk; the NHS still advises pregnant women to eat soft blue-veined cheeses only cooked until steaming hot.

Lanark BlueScotland, Lanarkshire

Also called Lanark Blue, Lanark Blue ewes' milk cheese.

Raw milk from the farm's own Lacaune ewes is seeded with Penicillium roqueforti, set with vegetarian rennet and ladled into forms to settle. The cheeses are dipped in brine, ripen a month, then are wrapped in foil and kept two more months in a cool room until blue-green veins run through a crumbly paste.

Milk
Raw ewes' milk from the farm's own Lacaune flock
Ripening
About three months, two of them in foil
  1. Milk the ewes
  2. Add blue mould and rennet
  3. Ladle into forms
  4. Dip in brine
  5. Ripen, then wrap in foil3 months

Safety: This is a raw-milk blue cheese. The NHS advises pregnant women to eat soft blue-veined cheeses only cooked until steaming hot, because of Listeria.

Perl LasWales
Milk
cow milk

Made like Blue-veined cheese family (Roquefort as template).

Persillé de TignesSavoie

natural blue-green veins; part-pressed

Milk
goat milk
Ripening
~3 mo

Made like Blue-veined cheese family (Roquefort as template).

Queso de La PeralSpain, Asturias

Also called Queso Azul Asturiano de La Peral, La Peral blue cheese.

An Asturian blue cheese made by one dairy at La Peral since the early 20th century. Cow milk is warmed above 30 °C and set with animal rennet in about 45 minutes; the curd is cut, moulded without pressing, dry-salted and pierced with needles so blue mould can grow. It ripens at least two months at 8–12 °C into a mild, buttery blue, sold wrapped in foil.

Size
Cylinder of 1, 2 or 3 kg
Rind
Wikipedia calls it rindless; Turismo Asturias describes a soft, thin, greasy, greyish rind
Wrapping
Sold wrapped in metallic foil
  1. Warm the milk and add rennet45 min · at least 30 °C
  2. Cut and mould without pressing8–10 h
  3. Dry-salt
  4. Pierce with needles
  5. Ripenat least 2 months · 8–12 °C
Rogue River BlueOregon

wrapped in Syrah grape leaves macerated in pear spirit

Milk
cow milk, raw
Ripening
~9–11 mo

Made like Blue-veined cheese family (Roquefort as template).

Shropshire BlueEngland, Nottinghamshire

Shropshire Blue is a blue cow-milk cheese made like Stilton, with annatto added so the paste turns orange against its blue veins. It is made from pasteurised milk with Penicillium roqueforti in Nottinghamshire, and is pierced to let the blue grow.

Milk
Pasteurised cow milk
Colour
Annatto turns the paste orange; it is otherwise made like a Stilton
Piercing
One retailer's batch is pierced fewer times than usual, which it links to less intense blueing
Maker
Made in Colston Bassett, Nottinghamshire, for one retailer

Made like Blue-veined cheese family (Roquefort as template).

SticheltonCollingthwaite Farm, Welbeck Estate, Nottinghamshire, England

Also called Stichelton, raw-milk Stilton-style blue.

Stichelton is a Stilton-style blue cheese made from raw cow milk on the farm where the cows are milked. A tiny dose of starter, blue mould and traditional rennet go into the milk at 28–29 °C; the curd is ladled, drained overnight, milled, salted, hooped, rubbed up and pierced so the blue can grow.

Milk
Raw cow milk, used on the farm where it is milked
Starter
Less than 50 ml of starter to 2600 litres of milk, about 0.0008 %
  1. Warm the raw milk, add starter and mould1 h · 28–29 °C
  2. Rennet for a soft set
  3. Cut, settle and ladle2 h
  4. Drain overnight
  5. Mill, salt and hoop
  6. Rub up the coat
  7. Dry and grow a coat14 days · 13 °C
  8. Pierce and mature
Strachitunt PDOVal Taleggio

two-curd blue, spontaneous (no inoculation)

Milk
cow milk, raw
Ripening
≥75 d

Made like Blue-veined cheese family (Roquefort as template).

Numbers come from cited sources and carry a label that says how each is known. How this atlas is made