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Montoku is a DISTILLED rice spirit of Sabah, made by heating the lees of lihing rice wine (or soured tapai) and condensing the vapour. The base is glutinous rice fermented with the sasad starter in a sealed jar. In rural northern Sabah it costs far less than beer, RM0.48 per standard drink against RM3.85 in a survey published in 2016.
koji/qu/mold-starter: sasad, inherited from the lihing base
Total time across the recorded steps: 2 months – 3 months
Start
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What changes:Glutinous rice is cooked fairly dry and spread out to cool
Step 1 of 4
Cook glutinous rice and cool it on a tray
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Mucor
Rhizopus
Wickerhamomyces
Output: cooked, cooled rice.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
At a glance
Montoku is a DISTILLED rice spirit of Sabah, made by heating the lees of lihing rice wine (or soured tapai) and condensing the vapour. The base is glutinous rice fermented with the sasad starter in a sealed jar. In rural northern Sabah it costs far less than beer, RM0.48 per standard drink against RM3.85 in a survey published in 2016. Made in 4 steps over 2 months – 3 months. The longest step, ferment into lihing, takes 2–3 months (Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara (JKKN)…). Mucor and Rhizopus moulds and Saccharomycopsis and Wickerhamomyces yeasts, in sasad bought at a Penampang, Sabah market does most of the fermenting.
Montoku is distilled from the lees of lihing, while lihing itself is the undistilled rice wine drawn from the jar. Its appearance is similar to the langkau of Sarawak.
A survey of rural northern Sabah, published in 2016, found that most alcohol drunk there is smuggled or informal. Montoku was more likely to be drunk by problem drinkers, and the authors judged that the low price of local spirits is likely adding to alcohol harm. No safety limits specific to montoku were found.
Wikipedia says montoku rests on the Kadazan-Dusun belief in Bambarayon, the spirit who protects the paddy fields, and that brewers follow taboos so the taste is not affected.