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Alcoholic drinks from Northern China

Divine-qu non-glutinous rice mash (神麴粳米醪)粳米醪

A 6th-century recipe from the Qimin Yaoshu for a spring rice mash (lao) made with divine qu. The qu soaks until it bubbles, the liquid is strained through a hair bag and then silk, and cold cooked rice goes in three times, 8 dou at a time. The mash is drunk with its lees.

Fully documentedAlcoholic drinks

Recipe

Amounts from a sourceThe recipe's own amounts. 1 dou of dry qu and 7 dou of water ferment 2 dan 4 dou of rice.
Dry divine qu1 dou[qmys-ws][qmys-siku]
Water7 dou[qmys-ws][qmys-siku]
Non-glutinous rice (粳米), washed clean, cooked and spread very cold2 dan 4 douThree lots of 8 dou; 2 dou more if the mash is still bitter[qmys-ws][qmys-siku]
Starterkoji/qu/mold-starter (divine qu)
Start
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StarchSugarAlcoholCO₂

What changes: The qu soaks until small bubbles rise like a pot about to boil

Step 1 of 4
Soak the qu until it bubbles like fish eyes
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented

Output: bubbling qu liquid.

Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented

Microbes at work in this step

Not documented for this step.

Method

Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source

At a glance

A 6th-century recipe from the Qimin Yaoshu for a spring rice mash (lao) made with divine qu. The qu soaks until it bubbles, the liquid is strained through a hair bag and then silk, and cold cooked rice goes in three times, 8 dou at a time. The mash is drunk with its lees.

What makes this one different

Made from non-glutinous rice instead of millet, with the qu liquid strained clear through hair and silk before the rice goes in, and drunk unpressed with its lees.

Related ferments

Safety

The text has the rice washed clean and the qu dregs strained out through a hair bag and then silk, and says the mash is fine to drink together with its dregs (合醅). A 2025 review of Chinese rice wine names ethyl carbamate, a potential carcinogen that forms from ethanol and nitrogen compounds during fermentation and storage, and biogenic amines as its main safety concerns; it speaks of rice wine in general, not of this recipe.

Hazards the sources name: Ethyl carbamate and biogenic amines (chemical hazards named for Chinese rice wine in general; not measured for this recipe).

History and sources

Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made

Qimin Yaoshu chapter 64 (造神麴餅酒), compiled by Jia Sixie in the 6th century; brewed in spring. Wikipedia dates the book to 544 CE on one account and to 533–544 CE on another.

Process times
The sources we found give no figure for how long any of its steps take.
Temperature, salt and pH
The sources we found give no temperature, salt or pH figure for any of its steps.
  1. [qmys-ws] Jia Sixie, Qimin Yaoshu (6th century), juan 7, ch. 64 造神麴餅酒, 神麴粳米醪法; transcription on Chinese Wikisource (齊民要術/卷第七), read 2026-10archive
  2. [qmys-siku] Jia Sixie, Qimin Yaoshu, Siku quanshu edition, juan 7, transcription on Chinese Wikisource (齊民要術 (四庫全書本)/卷07), read 2026-10archive
  3. [qmys-wp] Wikipedia, Qimin Yaoshu (dates the book to 544 CE on one account and to 533–544 CE on another)wiki
  4. [jiuqu-wp] Wikipedia, Jiuqu (qu as a starter that carries moulds, yeasts and bacteria; Aspergillus and Rhizopus its main functional moulds)wiki
  5. [peng2025] Peng B. et al. 2025, Rice Wine Fermentation - Unveiling Key Factors Shaping Quality, Flavor, and Technological Evolution, Foods 14(14), 2544paper