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Alcoholic drinks from China

Foxtail-millet wine (粟米酒), the poor household's wine粟米酒

A 6th-century recipe from the Qimin Yaoshu for a foxtail-millet wine, offered for poor households because proso millet was dear. It is made only in the first month with coarse qu. The millet goes in as four lots, seven days apart, always at night, and the wine is ripe after 28 days.

Fully documentedAlcoholic drinks28 days

Recipe

Amounts from a sourceThe recipe's ratio of 1 dou qu powder to 8 dou water to 1 dan millet, scaled to fill the jar.
Coarse qu powder (not divine qu)1 dou, heaped[qmys-ws][qmys-siku]
Water, drawn before sunrise on the 1st day of the 1st month8 dou[qmys-ws][qmys-siku]
Foxtail millet (粟米), soaked overnight and cooked1 dan, levelSplit into four equal lots[qmys-ws][qmys-siku]
Starterkoji/qu/mold-starter (coarse wheat qu, ben qu)

Total time across the recorded steps: 28 days

Start
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Close-up: water moving into a grain

What changes: Ground qu soaks in water drawn before sunrise on New Year's day

Step 1 of 4
Draw water at New Year and soak the qu on the 15th
Time
Water drawn before sunrise on the 1st day of the 1st month; qu sunned that day and soaked on the 15th
Reported
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented

Output: qu liquid.

Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented

Microbes at work in this step

Not documented for this step.

Method

Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source

At a glance

A 6th-century recipe from the Qimin Yaoshu for a foxtail-millet wine, offered for poor households because proso millet was dear. It is made only in the first month with coarse qu. The millet goes in as four lots, seven days apart, always at night, and the wine is ripe after 28 days. Made in 4 steps over 28 days. The longest step, add a lot every seven days, at night, takes 28 days (Jia Sixie 2026).

Key numbers
Main step28 daysReported[qmys-ws][qmys-siku]Add a lot every seven days, at night

What makes this one different

Made from foxtail millet with coarse qu only, and only in the first month. Every addition is made at night, the jar is mud-sealed straight after each one, and the four lots go in a full seven days apart.

Related ferments

Variants

  • Second foxtail-millet method (又造粟米酒法)Water drawn before sunrise on the last day of the 1st month; 1 dou qu to 7 dou water; brewing starts when the qu works, with no fixed day count, and stops when enough millet has gone in.

Safety

The recipe gives no safety rules. Modern work on qu starters has found potentially harmful moulds in some of them (Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus microsporus), but it is uncertain whether those strains were identified correctly or could make toxin. This is a historical recipe, not advice.

History and sources

Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made

Qimin Yaoshu chapter 66 (笨麴餅酒), compiled by Jia Sixie in the 6th century. The text says it suits poor households, because proso millet was costly and hard to get.

Microbes
No study we found names its microbes.
Temperature, salt and pH
The sources we found give no temperature, salt or pH figure for any of its steps.
  1. [qmys-ws] Jia Sixie, Qimin Yaoshu (6th century), juan 7, ch. 66 笨麴餅酒, 粟米酒法 and 又造粟米酒法; transcription on Chinese Wikisource (齊民要術/卷第七), read 2026-10archive
  2. [qmys-siku] Jia Sixie, Qimin Yaoshu, Siku quanshu edition, juan 7, transcription on Chinese Wikisource (齊民要術 (四庫全書本)/卷07), read 2026-10archive
  3. [wp-jiuqu] Wikipedia, Jiuqu (the qu fermentation starters of China)wiki