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Vegetables from Japan

Takuan (takuanzuke)沢庵

Takuan is daikon radish that is dried, either hung in sun and wind or pressed under salt, and then packed in salt and rice bran for months. Lactic acid bacteria sour it slowly while enzymes in the radish turn it yellow. Some makers add colour, such as safflower or turmeric, or use less salt.

Fully documentedVegetables2.7 months – 13 months

Recipe

Takuan (takuanzuke), a photo from Wikimedia Commons
Photo: Alice Wiegand, ( Lyzzy ), CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
No fixed amounts recordedThe MAFF Yamagata page gives a method for 50 daikon at 15–17 % salt. The 2020 study pickled 78 kg of air-dried daikon in 8 % NaCl. The sources give no household amounts.
Daikon radish, dried until it bends[maff-yamagata][kobayashi2020]
Rice bran[maff-yamagata]
Salt15–17 % in the Yamagata method attributed to the monk Takuan; 8 % NaCl in the 2020 low-salt study[maff-yamagata][kobayashi2020]
Persimmon peel, eggplant leaves, chilli, kombu and turmericIse makers sometimes add these as seasoning, and turmeric for colour; no amounts are given[maff-ise]

Total time across the recorded steps: 2.7 months – 13 months

Start
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What changes: Daikon hang in the sun and wind until they bend

Step 1 of 4
Hang daikon to dry (hoshi takuan)
Time
7–20 days
Reported
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Pediococcus pentosaceus

Output: dehydrated daikon.

Flavour
Not documented
Texture
daikon becomes flexible and bends without breaking
Colour
Not documented

Microbes at work in this step

Not documented for this step.

Method

Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source

At a glance

Takuan is daikon radish that is dried, either hung in sun and wind or pressed under salt, and then packed in salt and rice bran for months. Lactic acid bacteria sour it slowly while enzymes in the radish turn it yellow. Some makers add colour, such as safflower or turmeric, or use less salt. Made in 4 steps over 2.7 months – 13 months. The longest step, pack in bran and salt under weight, takes 2–12 months (MAFF にっぽん伝統食図鑑 2026) and runs at 4 °C (Kobayashi T. et al. 2020). Salt is 8 % (Kobayashi T. et al. 2020). Pediococcus pentosaceus does most of the fermenting.

Key numbers
Main step2–12 monthsReported[maff-yamagata][kobayashi2020]Pack in bran and salt under weight
Temperature4 °CReported[kobayashi2020]Pack in bran and salt under weight
Salt8 %Reported[kobayashi2020]Alternative dehydrate by salt-press (shio-oshi takuan)
AciditypH 6.4 → 5.8Measured[kobayashi2020]Pack in bran and salt under weight

What makes this one different

Takuan is dried first, by hanging or by salt-pressing, and then pickled in bran.

Related ferments

Variants

  • Commercial takuanPre-pickled at low temperature and low salt, and coloured with yellow agents such as tartrazine and gardenia pigment, according to the 2020 study [kobayashi2020].
  • Iburi-gakkoAkita: daikon smoked 2–5 days over hardwood such as oak or cherry instead of sun-dried, then pickled in bran, salt and coarse sugar for 2 months or more (MAFF).

Safety

The Yamagata method relies on 15–17 % salt. MAFF says the pickle of that era was 3 to 5 times saltier than today's, and notes that milder, lower-salt takuan is now sold [maff-yamagata]. The 2020 study pickled at 8 % NaCl and 4 °C, and its authors expect acid to hold back microorganisms in such a low-salt pickle; the paper did not test this [kobayashi2020].

History and sources

Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made

MAFF says accounts of takuan's origin differ, and that Kaminoyama (Yamagata) is held to be where the name began. The Zen monk Takuan Sōhō was sent to Kaminoyama in 1629 and stayed three years. The account says he turned a surplus of daikon, given by local people, into a preserved pickle and taught the method to them [maff-yamagata].

Starter
The sources we found do not say how its fermentation begins.
  1. [maff-yamagata] MAFF にっぽん伝統食図鑑, たくあん漬 (Yamagata), read 2026-10-27gov
  2. [kobayashi2020] Kobayashi T. et al. 2020, Low pH enhances the glucosinolate-mediated yellowing of takuan-zuke under low salt conditions, Foods 9(11):1524, doi:10.3390/foods9111524paper
  3. [hibi2025] Hibi T. et al. 2025, Complete genome sequence of Pediococcus pentosaceus TOKAI 10m isolated from Japanese Takuan pickle, Microbiol Resour Announc 14(12):e00738-25paper
  4. [maff-ise] MAFF にっぽん伝統食図鑑, 伊勢たくあん (Mie), read 2026-10-27gov
  5. [maff-iburi] MAFF うちの郷土料理 (Our Regional Cuisines), いぶりがっこ (Akita), slug 29_1_akita, read 2026-10-16gov